The latest monetary statistics are consistent with a continuing business-led recovery but economic growth is likely to moderate from its recent strong pace:
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Broad money (i.e. M4 excluding intermediate other financial corporations) rose by 2.0% in the year to September and by 2.6% annualised during the third quarter. Growth remains slow by recent standards but must be assessed against a rising trend in velocity – up by about 4% over the last year versus an average decline of 0.5% per annum over the last half-century. (Note: monthly broad money figures show a rise of only 0.3% annualised in the three months to September but the Bank is reviewing its seasonal adjustments and recommends focusing on quarterly data.)
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Within broad money, holdings of private non-financial corporations rose by an annual 5.2% in September, up from 3.4% in June. With companies continuing to repay debt, the corporate liquidity ratio – sterling and foreign currency deposits divided by bank borrowing – reached its highest level since the second quarter of 2007. Excluding the property sector, the liquidity ratio is at a new record in data extending back to 1998 – see chart.
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Money holdings of households rose by an annual 2.8%, down from 3.0% in June. Growth continues to be restrained by a portfolio shift into mutual funds: net retail buying of unit trusts and OEICs totalled £25.3 billion in the 12 months to August, equivalent to 2.5% of household broad money (September figures are released next week). The recent slowdown may partly reflect a fall in the saving ratio.
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While nominal broad money trends remain satisfactory, faster price increases – due to the coming VAT hike and rising food and energy costs – may act as a drag on real expansion, implying less monetary stimulus for economic growth. Narrow money trends may be signalling a peak in economic momentum: annual M1 expansion slowed from 8.3% in June to 2.6% in September, although this partly reflects an unfavourable base effect and may prove temporary.
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Overseas investors bought a further £8.5 billion of gilts in September, bringing the year-to-date total to £62.7 billion – 48% of net issuance. Banks, by contrast, reduced their holdings slightly in August and September, possibly in anticipation of a "QE2" boost to their reserve positions at the Bank of England – higher reserves imply less need for gilt purchases to meet liquidity targets.
